A. THE INFLUENCE OF EVOLUTION AGAINST THE ORGANISM
The development was gradually called EVOLUTION, which in biology, has the
sense of a process change on living beings that goes from generation to generation with
very slow and long. the evolution was considered the cause of the occurrence of the
diversity of living things. While the nature of the change in evolution happen due to the influence of a few reasons.
In this natural evolution can be distinguished into two kinds, namely kosmic evolution is a change that occurs in an environment that is not alive (abiotic component environment) and organic evolution is the change that occurs in living things from generation to the next (biotic environment).
As for the causative factors of evolution are:
a. Influes factor genes, is the nature of an organism that is in control by the
substance in the chromosomes. A gene is changed, the influence on the nature
of a being (organisms) are concerned. As for gene changes caused due to mutations
and Gene's recommendation.
b. the influence of the environmental factors is the natural habitat of living things slowly place can influence the changing nature of the organisms in question.
B. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
A. JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK's
evolution, a character who lived in the years 1744-1829, derived from the French
Jean Baptiste Lamarck, posited the theory of progression and change living things. The
theory, known as the called Use an Dis Use :
1. Living creatures that now is more
complex and perfect actually comes from a very simple living beings.
2. Living beings continuously adjust to their surroundings with her organs.
3. the organs of the body that are commonly used are always adjusting with
its environmen While organs that are rarely used are not going to disappear.
4. Parent organ undergoing changes will be passed down to the next generation.
B. CHARLES DARWIN
Charles Darwin more famous than the other scientists. To the extent dubbed the father of evolution. Darwin found:
1. No two individuals who have in common.
2. every population has always abounded because living things are able to breed.
3. Breeding can happen if supported food and enough room.
4. The increase of the population does not run continuously.
As for the theory of Darwin's thinking about the subject matter of evolution that is poured in two of his books are:
1. the present Species this species comes from the past.
2. Evolution by natural selection (selection against individuals living beings, which can adjust to their surroundings will live on. For individuals who could not adjust to the environment will be destroyed).
Some of Darwin's business in developing a theory of evolution do with expeditions Galapagos Islands, geological studies, the study of the relationship of economy and population, as well as the selection and about domestika study (the selection of seed plants and animals).
Darwin's theory of evolution and Lamarck have in common that is equally based on the view that evolution
Occur due to environmental influences.
The difference of the theory of Darwin and Lamarck's theories:
- Lamarck: living creatures adapt to the environment with the use of her body.
Changes in organ yield adjustment inherited from his descendants.
-Darwin: evolution theories occur due to natural selection, organisms that are able to adapt to the
the environment will survive.
C. THE HISTORY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
In studying the history and the origins of man, Darwin uses how to find kinship relations between humans with primates. Because primates are considered high class animal. As for the order of the primates consisted of lemuroidae (the APE). Tursioidae (the tarsiers) and Gorillas, considered most closely minnows with man.
The reason Darwin's theory because between primates and humans have commonalities include:
a. Between primates and humans alike have eyes that face forward.
b. Between primates and humans alike have retractable front limbs in all directions.
c. location of the mammary glands are both located in the chest.
d. form of womb of type Simplex (one room).
Primitive primates are thought to have been about 75 years ago. Evolutionary radiation leads to a wide variety of forms, including humans, and the result of the evolution line.
Gb.primitive evolutionary radiation
D. HUMAN FOSSIL DISCOVERIES FROM TIME TO TIME
1. Raymond Dart in 1924 human skull fossil ape discovered in the village of Taung,
Bechuanald, South Africa. This fossil is called Australopitheus africanus.
2. In South America discovered a fossil called Paranthropus robustus and
Paranthropus transvaalensis. It is estimated that approximately 1.5 tall creature
with its brain volume approximately 600 cubic cm. Both Australopithecus africanus,
as well as paranthropus robustus pranthropus transvaalensis is considered a human
fossil apes.
3. ancient human fossils ever discovered, among others:
a. Meganthropus palaejavanicus (human aksasa Java) found in sangiran, Wonogiri,
by Von Koningswald (1939-1941).
b. Pithecanthropus erectus, found in areas of Central Java, the Trinil by an expert
Eugene Dubis (1891). This man allegedly lived about 300,000-500,000 years ago,
i.e. in the period Pleistosin. Fossils are found in the form of jaw, some skull bones
and some teeth.
c. Sinathropus pekinensis, discovered by Davidson Blank and Franz Weidenrieich in
Dragon Cave near Peking, China. It is estimated that the fossil variants and
Phitecanthropus as it has the same body structure and living at the same age.
d. In Germany found a human fossil Heidelberg.
4. modern human Fossils are also found in various places. Modern man is the man that
almost resembles a man now, and included in the the species Homo Sapiens. Fossils
found include:
a. Neadertal Man, found in the Valley of Neader.
b. Human Cro-Magnon found in goa-goa Cromagnon. Lascaux, Dordogne, France.
c. Maidstone Kent Man, found in the United Kingdom.
d. Human Steinim, found in Germany.
e. Human Mount Carmel, found in goa-goa A.d. and Skhul caves, in Palestine.
f. Human Shanidar, Iraq found in areas.
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